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Kushtia (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলা, pronunciation: kuʃʈia) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia has existed as a separate district since the partition of India.[1] Prior to that, Kushtia was a part of Nadia District under Bengal Province of British India. Kushtia was the ancestral land of many famous people including Rabindranath Tagore, Lalon Fakir, S.I. Tutul etc. The Shahi Mosque in Kushtia bears the sign of rich cultural heritage of the region from the Mughal period. Kushtia is the birthplace of many historical figures including Mir Mosharraf Hossain (1847–1912), Bagha Jatin (1879–1915) and Lalon Fakir (1774–1890). Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore lived his early life at Shelaidaha. However, during the British rule Kushtia was not a separate district – it was a part of the Nadia district (now in West Bengal). A municipality was established in Kushtia in 1869. Kushtia is a medieval township. A river port was developed in the district during the reign of Emperor Shahjahan. Although the British East India Company made extensive use of the port, it was not until indigo planters and traders settled there that the township began to grow. A railway connection was made in 1860 with Calcutta (now Kolkata), capital of British India, which made the town an alluring location for mills and factories, including the Jagneshwar Engineering Works (1896), Renwick and Company (1904), and the Mohini Mills (1919).[citation needed] In 1860, the Indigo revolt spread throughout the Bengal province. Shalghar Madhua in Kushtia district was one of the forerunners in this movement.[1] It inspired all indigo farmers in Kushtia to refrain from paying government taxes.[1] Subsequently, with the publication of the Indigo Commission Report, an act was passed prohibiting coercion of cultivators for indigo cultivation and the measure led to the end of the movement.[2] The tomb and shrine of Lalon Fakir is located in Kushtia. During the Partition of India in 1947, Kushtia became made a separate district, consisting of Kushtia Sôdor, Chuadanga and Meherpur subdivisions. The Bangladesh government later divided Kushtia and Chuadanga and Meherpur became separate districts. The town once again became attractive for development in 1954 with the establishment of the Ganges-Kobadak Project (also known as G-K Project) headquarters and a number of government offices. The G-K Project is a large surface-irrigation system, with the first crop under this project grown in 1962–63.[3] The district of Kushtia had significant contribution to the Bangladesh Liberation War. A 147-member company of the 27th Baluch Regiment of the Pakistan army reached Kushtia on 25 March 1971 from its base at Jessore cantonment. They initially captured the local police station and settled an outpost there, but soon faced considerable resistance from a group of police, ansars, students and local people. By 1 April, the Pakistany army was completely overpowered and the Mukti Bahini took control of Kushtia.[4] Later on 17 April 1971 the Bangladesh Government in-exile formally announced Proclamation of Independence at Baidyanathtala.[5] Subsequently, battles between the Pakistan army and the rebels occurred at many places of the district including Bangshitala of Kumarkhali Upazila,[6] and Daulatpur Upazila.,[7] After the independence of Bangladesh several different development projects were undertaken in the district of Kushtia. On 22 November 1979 the foundation stone of The Islamic University was laid at Shantidanga – Dalulpur under the districts of Kustia and Jhenidah. However, In 1982 the University was shifted to Gazipur and admission of students began in the session of 1985–86. Later, on 10 January 1990, the University shifted back to its original site at Shantidanga Dulalpur. In 1984, two subdivisions of Kushtia: Chuadanga[8] and Meherpur[9] were named separate districts.